Apocryphal Books > Orthodox Deuterocanon > 4 Maccabees
4 Maccabees
The book of 4 Maccabees is a homily or
philosophic discourse praising the
supremacy of pious reason over passion. It
is not in the Bible for most churches, but is
an appendix to the Greek Bible, and in the
canon of the Georgian Orthodox Bible. It
was included in the 1688 Romanian
Orthodox and the 18th-century Romanian
Catholic Bibles where it was called “Iosip”
(Joseph). It is no longer printed in
Romanian Bibles today. The book was
ascribed to Josephus by Eusebius and
Jerome, and this opinion was accepted for
many years, leading to its inclusion in many
editions of Josephus’ works. Scholars have,
however, pointed to perceived differences
of language and style. The book is generally
dated between AD 20 and 130, likely in the
later half of that range.
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