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Antiquities of the Jews

Antiquities of the Jews, in twenty books, was written after Josephus’ Wars of the Jews was received with favor. The voluminous work covers the history of the Jews until the outbreak of the First Jewish-Roman War. From Creation to the time of Nehemiah, the account is based on the Scriptures, oral tradition, and supplementary records available to Josephus in the 1st century. The period between 175 and 135 BC parallels 1 Maccabees, supplemented from other sources including the lost work of Strabo called Histories, Nicolaus of Damascus, and Livy. Herod’s reign is detailed after the History of Nicolaus and a book entitled The Memorabilia of King Herod, which are now missing. The story of the high priests was likely derived from official documents in Jerusalem. Antiquities was probably published in AD 93, not long before John received the Revelation. Against Apion was Josephus’ subsequent defense of Antiquities against antisemitic criticisms.

The division of the works of Josephus into chapters is very ancient and is reflected in citations by Cassiodorus. The sub-division of each chapter into numbered paragraphs goes back at least as far as Whiston’s 1737 translation. References to Josephus are commonly cited by book, chapter, and paragraph (e.g., Ant. 2.6.9).





Where to Read It in Print

Ancient Historia

Josephus The Complete Works


Where to Read It Digitally

The Complete Apocrypha

All-In-One Holy Bible with Apocrypha


Where to Read It Online

Wikisource






Apocryphal Books > Histories and Chronologies > Antiquities of the Jews


The Ecclesiastical History

Eusebius’ Ecclesiastical History (or Church History) was published around the same time as his Chronicon and was the first detailed historical narrative and chronicle from the Christian point of view, providing a chronological account of the development of Christianity, beginning with Christ’s Incarnation and ending in about AD 325.





Where to Read It in Print

Ancient Historia


Where to Read It Digitally

The Complete Apocrypha

All-In-One Holy Bible with Apocrypha


Where to Read It Online

Wikisource






Apocryphal Books > Histories and Chronologies > The Ecclesiastical History


The Chronicon

Eusebius’ Chronicon (or Chronicle) was the ancient world’s first systematic, chronologically sound, universal history. It begins with the earliest extant written records available to the author and continues to about AD 325. Eusebius frequently cites and quotes Berossus, Alexander Polyhistor, Abydenus, Josephus, Castor, Diodorus, Cephalion, various translations of the Bible, the writings of Manetho, Porphyrius, and others. His chronicle includes important events, personalities, and king lists from the ancient Chaldeans, Assyrians, Medes, Lydians, Persians, Hebrews, Egyptians, and Greeks, plus listings of the Greek Olympiads and the rulers of the Greek city-states, the Macedonians, and Romans. It was arguably Eusebius who first made use of chronological tables, now a tool taken for granted by modern historians. This was a revolutionary development in Eusebius’ day, not sufficiently appreciated in modern works on historiography.





Where to Read It in Print

The Complete Apocrypha

Ancient Historia


Where to Read It Digitally

All-In-One Holy Bible with Apocrypha


Where to Read It Online

Tertullian








Against Apion

Against Apion was Josephus’ subsequent defense of Antiquities against antisemitic criticisms by the Egyptian author Apion (also called Apion Pleistoneices and Apion Mochthos).





Where to Read It in Print

Ancient Historia

Josephus The Complete Works


Where to Read It Digitally

The Complete Apocrypha

All-In-One Holy Bible with Apocrypha


Where to Read It Online

Wikisource